In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Evaluation of Indole-thiazolidine-2,4-dione Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors

Molecules. 2023 Nov 7;28(22):7470. doi: 10.3390/molecules28227470.

Abstract

Tyrosinase is an important rate-limiting enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. To find potential tyrosinase inhibitors with anti-melanogenic activity, a series of indole-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 5a~5z were synthesized by incorporating indole with thiazolidine-2,4-dione into one compound and assayed for their biological activities. All compounds displayed tyrosinase inhibitory activities and 5w had the highest anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 11.2 μM. Inhibition kinetics revealed 5w as a mixed-type tyrosinase inhibitor. Fluorescence quenching results indicated that 5w quenched tyrosinase fluorescence in a static process. CD spectra and 3D fluorescence spectra results suggested that the binding of 5w with tyrosinase could change the conformation and microenvironment of tyrosinase. Molecular docking also represented the binding between 5w and tyrosinase. Moreover, 5w could inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis both in B16F10 cells and the zebrafish model. Therefore, compound 5w could serve as a tyrosinase inhibitor with anti-melanogenic activity.

Keywords: anti-melanogenic activity; indole; thiazolidine-2,4-dione; tyrosinase inhibitor.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors* / pharmacology
  • Indoles / pharmacology
  • Melanins
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Monophenol Monooxygenase*
  • Zebrafish / metabolism

Substances

  • thiazolidine-2,4-dione
  • Monophenol Monooxygenase
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Indoles
  • Melanins

Grants and funding

This work was financially supported by the Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2021KCXTD044) and the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2021B1212040016).