Docosahexaenoic Acid Explains the Unexplained in Visual Transduction

Entropy (Basel). 2023 Nov 6;25(11):1520. doi: 10.3390/e25111520.

Abstract

In George Wald's Nobel Prize acceptance speech for "discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye", he noted that events after the activation of rhodopsin are too slow to explain visual reception. Photoreceptor membrane phosphoglycerides contain near-saturation amounts of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The visual response to a photon is a retinal cis-trans isomerization. The trans-state is lower in energy; hence, a quantum of energy is released equivalent to the sum of the photon and cis-trans difference. We hypothesize that DHA traps this energy, and the resulting hyperpolarization extracts the energized electron, which depolarizes the membrane and carries a function of the photon's energy (wavelength) to the brain. There, it contributes to the creation of the vivid images of our world that we see in our consciousness. This proposed revision to the visual process provides an explanation for these previously unresolved issues around the speed of information transfer and the purity of conservation of a photon's wavelength and supports observations of the unique and indispensable role of DHA in the visual process.

Keywords: di-DHA phosphatidylcholine; docosahexaenoic; docosapentaenoic; essential fatty acids; hexatriaconta-hexaenoic; membrane; non-classicality; quantum-field; retina; rhodopsin; vision; waveform; π-electrons.

Grants and funding

This research was funded by the Waterloo Foundation, grant number (1155-4723), and Mother and Child Foundation, grant number (FOSS3), including gifts from Pete Linsert, Larry Horn, Rich Radmer, Steve Dubin, John Versteeg and Bud Evans.