Object: This study aimed to establish an effective risk nomogram to predict the early distant metastasis (EDM) probability of cervical cancer (CC) patients treated with radical radiotherapy to aid individualized clinical decision-making.
Methods: A total of 489 patients with biopsy-confirmed CC between December 2018 and January 2021 were enrolled. Logistic regression with the stepwise backward method was used to identify independent risk factors. The nomogram efficacy was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C-index by 1000 bootstrap replications, etc. Finally, patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups of EDM based on the cut-off value of nomogram points.
Results: 36 (7.36%) CC patients had EDM, and 20 (55.6%) EDM had more than one metastatic site involved. Age below 51 (OR = 2.298, p < 0.001), tumor size larger than 4.5 cm (OR = 3.817, p < 0.001) and radiotherapy (OR = 3.319, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors of EDM. For the nomogram model, C-index was 0.701 (95% CI = 0.604-0.798), and 0.675 (95% CI = 0.578-0.760) after 1000 bootstrap resampling validations. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test demonstrated no overfitting (p = 0.924). According to the Kaplan-Meier curve of risk score, patients with high risk were more prone to get EDM (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: This is the first research to focus on EDM in CC patients. We have developed a robust scoring system to predict the risk of EDM in CC patients to screen out appropriate cases for consolidation therapy and more intensive follow-up.
Keywords: cervical cancer; early distant metastasis; prognostic model; radiotherapy; risk factors.
© 2023 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.