Childhood cancer presents significant acute and long-term challenges for patients,families, communities, and health systems. Although meaningful strides have been made in research and treatment, severe outcome disparities prevail between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs), with childhood cancer survival rates lower than 20% in LMICs, as compared with over 80% across many HICs. In recent years, greater emphasis has been placed on health system strengthening as a means to develop domestic policy and capacity for sustainable improvements in childhood cancer outcomes in LMICs. In pursuit of a systems approach to childhood cancer in LMICs, our research team developed the Paediatric Oncology System Integration Tool (POSIT)-the first comprehensive framework for the design and evaluation of childhood cancer systems. Since its development, POSIT has been applied in an exploration of key determinants of access to essential childhood cancer medicines across two separate multi-site studies. In this commentary, we explore the value of the POSIT framework and toolkit as a constructive systems-level guide for examining interactions between childhood cancer-specific programs and encompassing health system. socio-political, and economic contexts.
Keywords: Childhood cancer; Essential medicines; Health systems; Low- and middle-income countries; Non-communicable diseases.
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