With the development of medical technology, tumor vaccines as a novel precise immunotherapy approach have gradually received attention in clinical applications. Against the backdrop of the global corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, vaccine technology has further advanced. Depending on the types of antigens, tumor vaccines can be divided into whole-cell vaccines, peptide vaccines, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines, recombinant virus vaccines, etc. Although some tumor vaccines have been marketed and achieved certain therapeutic effects, the results of tumor vaccines in clinical trials have been unsatisfactory in the past period. With the maturation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the continuous development of bioinformatics, dynamic monitoring of the entire process of tumor subpopulation development has become a reality, which has laid a solid foundation for personalized, neoantigen-centered therapeutic tumor vaccines. This article reviews the recent developments of tumor vaccines of different types, starts with lung cancer and summarizes the achievements of tumor vaccines in clinical applications, and provides an outlook for the future development of antigen-centered tumor vaccines. .
【中文题目：肺癌疫苗研究进展】 【中文摘要：随着医学技术的发展，肿瘤疫苗作为一种新型精准免疫治疗手段在临床应用中逐渐受到重视。在全球新型冠状病毒（corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19）疫情爆发的背景下，疫苗技术的研发得到了进一步的发展。根据其抗原种类的不同，肿瘤疫苗可分为全细胞疫苗、多肽疫苗、信使核糖核酸（messenger ribonucleic acid, mRNA）疫苗、重组病毒疫苗等。尽管已经有一些肿瘤疫苗上市并取得了一定疗效，但过去一段时间肿瘤疫苗在临床试验中的结果仍不尽如人意，随着第二代测序技术（next-generation sequencing, NGS）的成熟和生物信息学的不断发展，使得肿瘤亚群发展的全过程动态跟踪成为了现实，为个性化定制以新抗原为核心的治疗性肿瘤疫苗打下了坚实的基础。本文回顾了近年来不同种类肿瘤疫苗的发展情况，以肺癌举例总结了肿瘤疫苗在临床应用中的发展成果，并对未来以新抗原为核心的肿瘤疫苗开发进行了展望。 】 【中文关键词：肿瘤疫苗；新抗原；肺肿瘤；第二代测序技术】.
Keywords: Cancer vaccine; Lung neoplasms; New antigen; Next-generation sequencing.