Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Emerging Neurotherapeutic Targets for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Age of PIRA

Alise K Carlson; Robert J Fox

doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.002

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Emerging Neurotherapeutic Targets for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Age of PIRA

Neurol Clin. 2024 Feb;42(1):39-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.002. Epub 2023 Aug 21.

Authors

Alise K Carlson¹, Robert J Fox²

Affiliations

¹ Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center, 9500 Euclid Avenue U10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
² Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center, 9500 Euclid Avenue U10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. Electronic address: foxr@ccf.org.

PMID: 37980122
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.002

Abstract

More than one million individuals are impacted by progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. The literature examining the management of MS has focused primarily on relapsing forms of disease, and effective therapies targeting progressive mechanisms in MS remains a significant unmet need. Despite this, there are several encouraging potential therapeutics on the horizon. Improved understanding of mechanisms underlying MS progression, identification and validation of biomarkers, identification of novel therapeutic targets, and improved trial design are needed to further propel progress in the management of individuals with progressive forms of MS.

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Primary progressive multiple sclerosis; Progression; Progressive multiple sclerosis; Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Biomarkers
Disease Progression
Humans
Multiple Sclerosis* / drug therapy
Multiple Sclerosis* / therapy
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive* / diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive* / drug therapy
Recurrence

Substances

Biomarkers