Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Management of Infraorbital Wrinkles and Pigmentation

Abstract

Lower eyelid skin is unique and different from that of other areas. In addition to being an area of high exposure to the sun and elements, there are anatomic considerations and specific histologic characteristics that can cause the skin in this area to be more sensitive. These attributes can readily cause under-eye wrinkling and pigmentation. This review aims to present an updated overview of the current knowledge regarding the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management of wrinkles and pigmentation in this area. These disorders are usually caused by different factors, such as genetics, aging, sun exposure, lack of sleep, and stress.

Keywords: Cosmetic dermatology; Infraorbital pigmentation; Infraorbital wrinkle; Laser therapy; Microneedling; Peeling.