Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF

Norman Mangner; Ephraim B Winzer; Axel Linke; Volker Adams

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065

Locomotor and respiratory muscle abnormalities in HFrEF and HFpEF

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Oct 27:10:1149065. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1149065. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Norman Mangner¹, Ephraim B Winzer¹, Axel Linke¹, Volker Adams^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
² Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
³ Dresden Cardiovascular Research Institute and Core Laboratories GmbH, Dresden, Germany.

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic and progressive syndrome affecting worldwide billions of patients. Exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of HF patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. Alterations of the skeletal muscle contribute to exercise intolerance in HF. This review will provide a contemporary summary of the clinical and molecular alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and thereby differentiate the effects on locomotor and respiratory muscles, in particular the diaphragm. Moreover, current and future therapeutic options to address skeletal muscle weakness will be discussed focusing mainly on the effects of exercise training.

Keywords: HFpEF; HFrEF; cachexia; diaphragm; sarcopenia; skeletal muscle.

Publication types

Review