Non-invasive alternative for phosphodiesterase inhibitor-refractory erectile dysfunction: Real-life experience with low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy

Abstract

This retrospective study assessed the efficacy of low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients unresponsive to phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5is). Between May 2020 and December 2022, we retrospectively analyzed the records of 126 ED patients who underwent Li-ESWT post unsuccessful PDE5is trials, defined as inadequate response following at least 6 consistent trials with correct dosage (preference given to 20 mg tadalafil). Patients with neurogenic disorders were excluded. Patients' ED severity was determined using the IIEF-5 score and further categorized into 2 groups. The Li-ESWT treatment protocol consisted of 12 weeks. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. In the cohort of 126 patients, the mean age was 50.5 ± 12.4 years, with a BMI of 29.18 ± 3.49. Notably, 74.6% had ED for more than 12 months. Before Li-ESWT, 55.6% used sildenafil and 44.4% used tadalafil. Post 3 months of Li-ESWT, the average IIEF score rose significantly from 10.19 ± 7.71 to 14.29 ± 0.92 (P < .01). Particularly, Group 2 exhibited a significant improvement in their mean IIEF score from 13.78 ± 1.38 pretreatment to 21 ± 2.31 post-treatment. However, Group 1 (with higher diabetes prevalence) showed a marginal rise from 5.8 ± 1.47 to 6.1 ± 3.2 (P = .14). Similarly, the overall EHS score progressed significantly from 1.34 ± 0.8 to 2.3 ± 1.17 post-treatment. Post-treatment, while Group 1 showed no changes in successful vaginal penetration, Group 2 reported a dramatic increase in successes, from 16 before treatment to 68 after. This study demonstrated the efficacy of Li-ESWT for PDE5is-refractory ED, particularly in patients with moderate to mild ED. However, patients with severe ED and comorbidities did not show significant improvement. Further research with larger sample sizes, control groups, longer follow-up periods, and standardized protocols is required to confirm the effectiveness and limitations of Li-ESWT in ED treatment.