High serum lactate dehydrogenase as a predictor of cardiac insufficiency at follow-up in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: Impairment of cardiac function progresses after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of cardiac injury and an enzyme in anaerobic glycolysis, is suggested as a risk factor for patient mortality in inflammatory diseases.

Methods: In this study, 448 older and 445 younger AMI patients were recruited and followed up. The effect of baseline serum LDH on post-infarction cardiac function was assessed at follow-up.

Results: Elderly patients in the high baseline LDH group had a high risk of being diagnosed with cardiac insufficiency during follow-up (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.643, P = 0.007), and the follow-up left ventricular ejection fraction of the quartile subgroup tended to decrease with increasing in baseline serum LDH (adjusted odds ratio: 1.301, P = 0.001) for each 100 U/L increase. The LVDd and LVVd of elderly patients in the high LDH group were not significantly different from those of patients in the normal LDH group at baseline but were further increased in the high LDH group at follow-up. In younger patients, the effect of LDH on post-infarction cardiac structure and function was similar to that in older patients, but unlike older patients, Cox regression analysis showed that LDH was not the predominant influence.

Conclusion: Longitudinal changes in cardiac function were independently associated with high baseline serum LDH levels in patients with AMI. Baseline LDH levels are superior to other myocardial injury markers and may be a useful parameter in predicting future cardiac dysfunction after AMI, especially in the elderly.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardiac function; Lactate dehydrogenase.