Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not capture the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, opening potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.
恶性肿瘤对人类生命健康构成了巨大威胁。多年来研究集中于利用肿瘤的生物化学特性以进行诊断和治疗，但仍有许多临床难题待解。近年来，随着生物力学和力学生物学与肿瘤学的交叉研究不断深入，力学因素逐渐成为备受关注的肿瘤新特征，调控肿瘤发生发展，并有望成为肿瘤诊疗的新靶点。目前，许多临床医生对肿瘤的力学特征尚缺乏深入了解，也未完全掌握其在诊疗中的潜在价值。鉴于此，本文通过总结国内外相关研究，提出并系统性地介绍了“肿瘤力医学”这一概念，从肿瘤生物力学、肿瘤力生物学、肿瘤力诊断学和肿瘤力治疗学四个方面系统性地阐述了肿瘤的多尺度力学特征及其对肿瘤生物学行为的影响，探讨了力学特征在肿瘤诊疗中的潜在应用，旨在为肿瘤诊疗提供新的研究视角和解决方案。.