This study was to investigate urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration as a biomarker for overactive bladder (OAB) and predictor of treatment outcomes in women receiving the beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron. The study comprised 50 women identified with OAB and 35 women considered as healthy controls. All women with OAB received daily dosage of 50 mg of mirabegron for 12 weeks. Bladder diaries, OAB-related questionnaires, and global response assessment scale (GRAS) data were collected. Urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration was measured through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All OAB-related questionnaires and GRAS indicated improved posttreatment urinary health. After mirabegron treatment, the frequency of micturition and urgency episodes decreased, but the urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor/creatinine (Cr) ratio increased. The urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor/creatinine ratio was identified as a sensitive biomarker for OAB with a confidence interval of 0.656 to 0.856 (p < 0.001). A negative correlation (- 0.431, p = 0.040) between this biomarker and health-related quality of life (HRQL) scores. The Beta 3-adrenoceptor/Cr levels increased significantly in the treatment-responsive group, while they remained unchanged in the unsatisfactory outcome group. This study shows that 12 weeks of mirabegron treatment improves OAB symptoms and HRQL. Furthermore, urinary beta 3-adrenoceptor concentration may be a diagnostic biomarker for OAB.
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