Protein Kinase C (PKC)-mediated TGF-β Regulation in Diabetic Neuropathy: Emphasis on Neuro-inflammation and Allodynia

Liza Changkakoti; Jitu Mani Das; Rajiv Borah; Rajan Rajabalaya; Sheba R David; Ashok Kumar Balaraman; Subrata Pramanik; Pallab Kanti Haldar; Asis Bala

doi:10.2174/0118715303262824231024104849

Protein Kinase C (PKC)-mediated TGF-β Regulation in Diabetic Neuropathy: Emphasis on Neuro-inflammation and Allodynia

Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2023 Nov 6. doi: 10.2174/0118715303262824231024104849. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Liza Changkakoti¹, Jitu Mani Das¹, Rajiv Borah², Rajan Rajabalaya³, Sheba R David⁴, Ashok Kumar Balaraman⁵, Subrata Pramanik⁶, Pallab Kanti Haldar⁷, Asis Bala¹

Affiliations

¹ Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), An Autonomous Institute Under - Department of Science & Technology (Govt. of India) Vigyan Path, Guwahati, PIN- 781035 Assam, India.
² Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering; Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin Dublin 2, Ireland.
³ PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, BE 1410 Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
⁴ School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA.
⁵ Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁶ Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Guwahati, Assam- 781039, India.
⁷ Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.

PMID: 37937564
DOI: 10.2174/0118715303262824231024104849

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diabetes has been increasing steadily over the past few decades. In developing countries, it is the cause of increased morbidity and mortality. Diabetes and its complications are associated with education, occupation, and income across all levels of socioeconomic status. Factors, such as hyperglycemia, social ignorance, lack of proper health knowledge, and late access to medical care, can worsen diabetic complications. Amongst the complications, neuropathic pain and inflammation are considered the most common causes of morbidity for common populations. This review is focused on exploring protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated TGF-β regulation in diabetic complications with particular emphasis on allodynia. The role of PKC-triggered TGF-β in diabetic neuropathy is not well explored. This review will provide a better understanding of the PKC-mediated TGF-β regulation in diabetic neuropathy with several schematic illustrations. Neuroinflammation and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia during microvascular complications in diabetes are scientifically illustrated in this review. It is hoped that this review will facilitate biomedical scientists to better understand the etiology and target drugs effectively to manage diabetes and diabetic neuropathy.

Keywords: Allodynia; Diabetes; Diabetic Complications; Neuropathy; Protein Kinase C (PKC); Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?).