Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of Trichoderma species causing green mold of Ganoderma sichuanense in China

Xuefei Li; Frederick Leo Sossah; Yonglan Tuo; Jiajun Hu; Qian Wei; Shiyu Li; Na Rong; Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan; Changtian Li; Bo Zhang; Xiao Li; Yu Li

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264699

Characterization and fungicide sensitivity of Trichoderma species causing green mold of Ganoderma sichuanense in China

Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct 19:14:1264699. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264699. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xuefei Li^{1

2

3}, Frederick Leo Sossah^{2

4}, Yonglan Tuo^{1

2

3}, Jiajun Hu^{1

2}, Qian Wei³, Shiyu Li^{2

3}, Na Rong^{2

3}, Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan⁵, Changtian Li², Bo Zhang^{1

2

3}, Xiao Li^{1

2

3}, Yu Li^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
² Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
³ College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
⁴ Coconut Research Programme, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Kade, Ghana.
⁵ Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.

Abstract

Green mold disease, caused by Trichoderma spp., is one of the most devastating diseases of mushrooms in China. The application of fungicides remains one of the important control methods among the integrated pest management tools for disease management in mushroom farms. This study aimed to identify Trichoderma spp., isolated from G. sichuanense fruiting bodies displaying green mold symptoms collected from mushroom farms in Zhejiang, Hubei, and Jilin Province, China, and evaluate their in vitro sensitivity to six fungicides. A total of 47 isolates were obtained and classified into nine Trichoderma spp. namely, T. asperellum, T. citrinoviride, T. ganodermatiderum, T. guizhouense, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. paratroviride, and T. virens, through morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) genes. The pathogenicity test was repeated two times, and re-isolation of the nine Trichoderma spp. from the fruiting bodies of G. sichuanense fulfilled Koch's postulates. Prochloraz manganese showed the best performance against most species. This research contributes to our understanding of green mold disease, reveals the phylogenetic relationships among Trichoderma species, and expands our knowledge of Trichoderma species diversity associated with green mold disease in G. sichuanense.

Keywords: Ganoderma sichuansense; Trichoderma spp.; fungicides; green mold disease; mushroom health; pathogenicity; prochloraz manganese.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was financed by the Diversity and conservation of characteristic macrofungi resources in different vegetation zones in Changbai Mountain of China (20230202119NC), Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 31970020), the Scientific and Technological Tackling Plan for the Key Fields of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (no. 2021AB004), Research on the Creation of Excellent Edible Mushroom Resources and High Quality & Efficient Ecological Cultivation Technology in Jiangxi Province (20212BBF61002), Modern Agroindustry Technology Research System (CARS20), and 111 program (no. D17014).