A case of urinary bladder metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma following use of immunotherapy/tyrosine kinase inhibitor

Abstract

Introduction: Here we present a rare case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis to the urinary bladder in a patient with metastatic HCC.

Case presentation: An 83-year-old man developed gross hematuria during combined treatment with an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor and an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for metastatic HCC. A contrast-enhanced CT revealed a 15 × 15 mm soft tissue mass protruding from the posterior bladder wall. Cystoscopy further revealed a solitary submucosal mass located on the posterior wall. The patient underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor. The pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of bladder metastasis from HCC. Following a 3-week interval after the surgical intervention, salvage therapy was resumed.

Conclusion: During follow-up after TUR-BT in HCC patients who present with a bladder tumor, the possibility of HCC metastases to the urinary bladder should be excluded.

Keywords: IO/TKI; bladder metastasis; hepatocellular carcinoma.