Small signal modulation of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers

Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 3;13(1):19019. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45414-7.

Abstract

We report the small-signal characterization of a PCSEL device, extracting damping factors and modulation efficiencies, and demonstrating -3 dB modulation bandwidths of up to 4.26 GHz. Based on modelling we show that, by reducing the device width and improving the active region design for high-speed modulation, direct modulation frequencies in excess of 50 GHz are achievable.