Bidirectional perforators in the lower limb are not physiologically normal: A brief commentary

Phlebology. 2024 Mar;39(2):74-79. doi: 10.1177/02683555231213146. Epub 2023 Nov 3.

Abstract

The suggestion that bidirectional flow is a normal feature seen in venous perforators of the lower leg has been a longstanding debate. Newer published evidence has changed the perspective on normal perforator flow and is presented here to resolve the misunderstandings and different viewpoints previously held.

Keywords: Chronic venous insufficiency; duplex ultrasound; incompetent perforator; perforator; veins.

MeSH terms

  • Humans
  • Leg
  • Varicose Veins*
  • Veins
  • Venous Insufficiency*