We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk of pancreatic cancer (PC) in pancreatitis. We identified patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) (n = 225,811, 50.0%) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) (n = 225,685, 50.0%) from Korean population-based data and matched them with age- and sex-matched controls (n = 4,514,960). We analyzed the incidence and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of PC among patients followed for more than 2 years or 5 years, and assessed risk changes over time in single episode of AP (SAP), recurrent AP (RAP), CP with AP, and CP without AP groups. We also performed subgroup analysis for both sexes. The incidences (per 104 person-years) and risks (aHR) of PC were higher in the RAP (12.69, 5.00) or CP with AP (12.12, 5.74) groups compared to the SAP (2.31, 1.32) or CP without AP (2.28, 1.57) groups. The risks of PC decreased over time, however, the risk of PC remained elevated in the RAP and CP with AP groups for more than 8 years. Females with RAP, SAP, and CP with AP had higher risks of PC than males. The risk of PC is higher and persists for longer duration in patients with RAP and CP with AP compared to those with SAP or CP without AP.
© 2023. The Author(s).