Environmental Sample Stability for Pharmaceutical Compound Analysis: Handling and Preservation Recommendations

Nuning Vita Hidayati; Laurence Asia; Stephanie Lebarillier; Ita Widowati; Agus Sabdono; Anne Piram; Rizqi Rizaldi Hidayat; Dina Fitriyah; Indra Putra Almanar; Pierre Doumenq; Agung Dhamar Syakti

doi:10.1155/2023/5526429

Environmental Sample Stability for Pharmaceutical Compound Analysis: Handling and Preservation Recommendations

J Anal Methods Chem. 2023 Oct 19:2023:5526429. doi: 10.1155/2023/5526429. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Fisheries and Marine Sciences Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. Dr. Suparno, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia.
² Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Institute for Research and Community Service, Jenderal Soedirman University, Kampus Karangwangkal, Jl. Dr. Suparno, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia.
³ Aix Marseille University, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
⁴ Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Jl. Prof. Soedharto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.
⁵ Maritime Technique and Technology Faculty, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands 29100, Indonesia.
⁶ Marine Sciences and Fisheries Faculty, Raja Ali Haji Maritime University, Jl. Politeknik Senggarang, Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands 29100, Indonesia.

Abstract

Efficient and resilient techniques for handling samples are essential for detecting pharmaceutical compounds in the environment. This study explores a method for preserving water samples during transport before quantitative analysis. The study investigates the stability of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), acetaminophen (ACM), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP) after preconcentration within solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Through various experiments involving different holding times and storage temperatures, it was determined that four pharmaceutical compounds remained stable when stored for a month at 4°C and for six months when stored at -18°C in darkness. Storing these compounds in SPE cartridges at -18°C seemed effective in preserving them for extended periods. In addition, ACM, TMP, OTC, EE2, and SMX remained stable for three days at room temperature. These findings establish guidelines for appropriate storage and handling practices of pharmaceutical compounds preconcentrated from aqueous environmental samples using SPE.