We analyzed the variation patterns of growth and wood properties of 24 different provenances of 18-year-old Schima superba in Jian'ou, Fujian Province. A total of 11 growth and wood indices were measured, including tree height, diameter at breast height, wood basic density and anatomical structure. We analyzed the geographical variation patterns of growth and wood properties, and the provenance areas were divided. Further, the excellent timber provenances were selected according to different uses. The results showed that the variation of growth traits, which was 17.6%-27.3% with mean value of 22.4%, was larger than that of wood properties (7.0%-21.0%, mean 12.7%). Growth properties and some wood properties (fiber length, fiber lumen diameter and fiber cell wall thickness) had significant differences among provenances. Growth traits were not correlated with fiber traits, and they could be selected independently without emphasis on other traits. There was significant correlation between the longitudinal and radial growth indicators of wood properties, but they were not correlated with the wood basic density, which could be selected independently. In addition, the growth and wood properties were significantly influenced by temperature and precipitation, which showed a latitudinal variation pattern. According to Q-type clustering analysis, 24 provenances could be divided into four categories, of which southern provenances from distribution area of S. superba had vigorous growth and supper wood properties. They had smaller microfibril angle, higher maturity, longer fiber length, and thicker fiber cell wall. Finally, five excellent provenances were selected according to pulpwood and building use.
本研究以福建建瓯18年生24个木荷种源为材料,分析树高、胸径、木材基本密度以及木纤维解剖结构等11个生长和材性性状的种源变异规律及与地理气候因子间的相关性,通过聚类分析进行种源区划分,揭示木荷生长和材性的地理变异模式,根据不同用途,筛选优良用材种源。结果表明: 木荷生长性状变异较大(17.6%～27.3%,平均22.4%),材性性状变异相对较小(7.0%～21.0%,平均12.7%),生长性状和部分材性性状(纤维长、腔径和双壁厚等)在种源间具有显著差异。相关分析表明,生长性状与材性性状不相关,两者相对独立,可单独对某一性状进行选择与改良。木纤维纵向生长指标以及径向生长指标之间呈显著相关,但其与木材基本密度均不相关,两者可独立选择;木荷生长与材性性状受温度影响显著,同时亦受降水影响,呈纬向变异模式。根据Q型聚类分析,将24个种源分为4类,其中,木荷分布区南部种源的木纤维微纤丝角较小,成熟度较高,纤维较长,细胞壁较厚,材性相对较好。根据造纸和建筑家居等不同用材用途,选出5个优良种源。.
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