Clarifying the effect of different maize straw returning methods on soil temperature is crucial for optimizing the management of farmland straw and the efficient utilization of heat resources in the black soil region of Northeast China. To investigate the impacts of straw returning methods on soil temperature, we conducted a field experiment with four treatments during 2018 and 2020, including plough tillage with straw returning (PTSR), rotary tillage with straw returning (RTSR), no-tillage with straw returning (NTSR), and a control treatment of conventional ridge tillage without straw returning (CT). We measured soil temperature and water content at the 5 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm soil layer, and the straw coverage rate during the 3-year maize growth period. We further analyzed the differences of soil temperature in different soil layer under different treatments, accumulated soil temperature and growing degree-days (GDD) above 10 ℃, daily dynamics of soil temperature, the production efficiency of air accumulated temperature among different treatments, and explored factors causing the difference of soil temperature and the production efficiency of air accumulated temperature. Our results showed that different treatments mainly affected soil temperature from the sowing to emergence stage (S-VE) of maize. The daily average soil temperature showed a trend of CT>PTSR>RTSR>NTSR. The differences of soil temperature under different treatments showed a decreasing trend as growth process advanced and soil depth increased. Compared with the CT treatment, soil temperature at 5 cm depth was decreased by 0.86, 1.84 and 3.50 ℃ for PTSR, RTSR, and NTSR treatments, respectively. NTSR significantly reduced the accumulated temperature of ≥10 ℃ in different soil layers and GDD. The accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ at the 5, 15, and 30 cm soil layers decreased by 216.2, 222.7, and 165.1 ℃·d, and the GDD decreased by 201.9, 138.7 and 123.9 ℃·d, respectively. In addition, production efficiency of air accumulated temperature decreased by 9.7% to 15.6% for NTSR. Conclusively, PTSR and RTSR had significant impacts on topsoil temperature during the maize growing period from sowing to emergence, but did not affect the accumulated soil temperature and the production efficiency of air accumulated temperature. However, NTSR significantly reduced topsoil temperature and production efficiency of air accumulated temperature.
阐明东北黑土区玉米秸秆不同还田方式的土壤温度效应,对农田秸秆管理和热量资源高效利用具有重要意义。本研究在大田试验条件下,设置传统垄作秸秆不还田(CT)、秸秆深翻还田(PTSR)、秸秆碎混还田(RTSR)和秸秆覆盖还田(NTSR)4个处理,2018—2020年测定了玉米生育期5、15、30 cm土壤温度和含水率动态变化及秸秆覆盖率,分析了不同处理各土层温度差异、≥10 ℃土壤积温和有效积温(GDD)、土壤温度日动态变化和空气积温生产效率,以及影响土壤温度差异的因素。结果表明: 不同处理主要影响玉米播种至出苗期(S～VE)的土壤温度,土壤日平均温度呈现CT>PTSR>RTSR>NTSR的趋势,随着生育进程推进和土壤深度增加土壤温度差异逐渐缩小。与CT相比,PTSR、RTSR和NTSR处理5 cm土壤温度分别降低0.86、1.84和3.50 ℃;NTSR处理显著降低了不同土层≥10 ℃积温和GDD,5、15和30 cm土层≥10 ℃积温分别降低216.2、222.7和165.1 ℃·d,GDD分别降低201.9、138.7和123.9 ℃·d;NTSR处理还显著降低了空气积温生产效率,降幅为9.7%～15.6%。综上,PTSR和RTSR对玉米播种至出苗期表层土壤温度会产生显著影响,但是对空气积温生产效率无显著影响;而NTSR显著降低了耕层土壤温度和空气积温生产效率。.
Keywords: Northeast China; maize; soil temperature; straw return.