Long-Focusing Device for Broadband THz Applications Based on a Tunable Reflective Biprism

Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Oct 18;14(10):1939. doi: 10.3390/mi14101939.

Abstract

THz radiation has assumed great importance thanks to the efforts in the development of technological tools used in this versatile band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we propose a reflective biprism device with wavelength-independent long-focusing performances in the THz band by exploiting the high thermo-mechanical deformation of the elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This deformation allows for achieving significant optical path modulations in the THz band and effective focusing. The surface of a PDMS layer is covered with a gold thin film acting as a heater thanks to its absorption of wavelengths below ~500 nm. An invariance property of the Fresnel integral has been exploited to experimentally verify the THz performances of the device with an ordinary visible laser source, finding excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions at 1 and 3 THz. The same property also allowed us to experimentally verify that the reflective biprism focus has a longitudinal extension much greater than that exhibited by a benchmark convex cylindrical mirror with the same optical power. The device is thermo-mechanically stable up to a heating power of 270 mW, although it might be potentially exploited at higher powers with minor degradation of the optical performances.

Keywords: THz radiation; long-focusing devices; thermo-optical devices.

Grants and funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001. Funding from FAPERJ for processes E-26/010.000980/2019, E-26/211.180/2019, and E-26/211.540/2021 is acknowledged. We also acknowledge CNPq and the Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies (INCT-INES) (Processes 423349/2018-0 and 465423/2014-0).