Fiber metal laminates for high strain rate applications with layerwise shock impedance tuning

Anand Pai; Marcos Rodriguez-Millan; Chandrakant R Kini; Ravindra Mallya; Chandrakantha Bekal; Suhas Yeshwant Nayak; Satish B Shenoy

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45795-9

Fiber metal laminates for high strain rate applications with layerwise shock impedance tuning

Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 27;13(1):18474. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45795-9.

Authors

Anand Pai¹, Marcos Rodriguez-Millan^#², Chandrakant R Kini^#¹, Ravindra Mallya^#¹, Chandrakantha Bekal^#¹, Suhas Yeshwant Nayak^#³, Satish B Shenoy⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
³ Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
⁴ Department of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India. satish.shenoy@manipal.edu.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Novel materials such as fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) have demonstrated significant potential in a variety of applications. They must contend with problems such fatigue, creep, high-speed projectile impact, and deformation at high strain rates while in use. When employed as structural materials in aircraft, especially when exposed to shock wave impact and high velocity impact, fiber-metal laminates' high strain rate characteristics become crucial. Shock impedance matching is a revolutionary approach used for shock-tuning the separate layers. The novelty of the current work is in developing custom shielding laminates, with in-depth analysis on the response of the shock impedance tuning of individual layers on the laminate behaviour at high strain rates. In the current study, five stackups of FMLs comprising metallic (AA 6061-T6) and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plies, were formulated, incorporating shock impedance matching. The fiber-polymer plies used in the FMLs include ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), p-aramid for supplementing the impact resistance. Transmission loss functions (TL) estimated from the impedance tube experiments were used to indicate the shock tuning of the various laminates. The laminates underwent testing using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus to determine their properties at high strain rates ([Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]). The variation in the Shock Energy (SE) absorbed by the laminates at various strain rates was analyzed as a function of the corresponding Transmission Loss employing regression. The dynamic stress-strain curves showed an increase in shock energy absorption at higher strain rates. The sequence SSP-IV and SSP-II showed the highest values of energy absorption as well as Transmission Loss.