Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic parameters among patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis of randomized controlled trials

Séphora Aquino; Aline Cunha; Josivan Gomes Lima; Karine Sena-Evangelista; Antonio Gouveia Oliveira; Ricardo Ney Cobucci; Lucia Fc Pedrosa

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20845

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic parameters among patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis of randomized controlled trials

Heliyon. 2023 Oct 12;9(11):e20845. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20845. eCollection 2023 Nov.

Authors

Séphora Aquino¹, Aline Cunha², Josivan Gomes Lima³, Karine Sena-Evangelista⁴, Antonio Gouveia Oliveira⁵, Ricardo Ney Cobucci^{6

7}, Lucia Fc Pedrosa^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
² Collaborative Researcher in Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 3000 - Lagoa Nova, CEP: 59078970, Natal, Brazil.
³ Department of Clinical Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59010-180, Brazil.
⁴ Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59012-570, Brazil.
⁶ Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Medicine School, Potiguar University-UnP, Natal, RN, 59056-000, Brazil.
⁷ Graduate Program in Applied Sciences to Women's Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59078-970, Brazil.

Abstract

Various pathophysiologic mechanisms were proposed to underlie the effect of vitamin D on MetS components. In this systematic review, we reviewed randomized control clinical trials to verify whether vitamin D supplementation (VDS) at different doses is effective concomitantly in controlling high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose level, blood pressure, and central obesity in adults diagnosed with MetS. The following scientific databases were searched from 1998 until April 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, clinicaltrial.gov, and Google Scholar. No language restrictions were applied. Seven studies were included, and they showed a high level of heterogeneity. All studies reported a significant increase in serum 25(OH)D levels in the intervention groups. Of these, only two noted a significant decrease in triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference. However, the certainty levels of the evidence rating were very low and low for triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference, respectively, and moderate for fasting glucose level, blood pressure, and HDL-c. In conclusion, despite these benefits, considering the low certainty, the evidence does not support that VDS decreases triglyceride (TG) level and waist circumference in adults with MetS.

Keywords: Clinical trials; Metabolic syndrome; Vitamin D deficiency.