On the momentum toward vaccine self-sufficiency in the BRICS: an integrative review of the role of pharmaceutical entrepreneurship and innovation

Yongqiang Zhang; Hongbo Li; Xinglong Xu; Henry Asante Antwi

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116092

On the momentum toward vaccine self-sufficiency in the BRICS: an integrative review of the role of pharmaceutical entrepreneurship and innovation

Front Public Health. 2023 Oct 9:11:1116092. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1116092. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Yongqiang Zhang¹, Hongbo Li¹, Xinglong Xu¹, Henry Asante Antwi²

Affiliations

¹ School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
² Medical Insurance and Public Policy Research Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.

Abstract

Background: With the perspicuous effect of COVID-19 on vaccine demand, academic and business interest in vaccine production in the BRICS nations (Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa) has reached a crescendo. Aware of a "dark" past when the BRICS depended heavily on vaccines and pharmaceuticals from other parts of the world, academic curiosity on how the BRICS countries have leveraged vaccine self-sufficiency and become the hub of global vaccine production and supply is justifiable, especially in times of ineffable pandemics.

Methods: The articles were searched from November 2020 to December 2022. Within this period, an electronic search of 13 reputable healthcare and public databases was conducted. The initial searches from the designated databases yielded a total of 3,928 articles. Then, duplicated studies were removed through a two-step process, articles without titles and abstracts were excluded, and the remaining 898 articles that met the qualification assessment criteria were evaluated for article quality.

Results: The main entrepreneurial innovations that have quickened the pace of vaccine self-sufficiency in the BRICS include investment in artificial intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics, and Blockchain technologies. These help to speed up the drug delivery process by enhancing patient identification or optimizing potential drug candidates for clinical trials and production.

Conclusion: Over the past 20 years, the BRICS nations have achieved major strides in vaccine development, regulation, and production. The creation of the BRICS Vaccine Research and Development (R&D) Center will have a significant impact on vaccine cost and accessibility given the anticipated development of stronger research capability, production, and distribution technology, as well as stronger standardization to improve vaccine production quality in the near future. It is anticipated that the BRICS' contributions to vaccine development will alter the global vaccination market and hasten the availability of vaccinations in developing nations. The challenge is turning these hopes into concrete plans of action and outcomes.

Keywords: BRICS; integrative review; momentum; pharmaceutical entrepreneurship and innovation; vaccine self-sufficiency.

Publication types

Systematic Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Artificial Intelligence
Delivery of Health Care
Entrepreneurship*
Humans
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Vaccines*

Substances

Pharmaceutical Preparations
Vaccines

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71904066) funded the pre-study and other administrative expenses incurred for the study.