Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Thai Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

Thanwarat Aroonrangsee; Rachanin Chairatnathrongporn; Rudee Surarit; Kallapat Tansriratanawong; Jeerunda Santiprabhob; Chatkoew Boriboonhirunsarn; Ananya Promsudthi

doi:10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_38_23

Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Thai Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2023 Aug 30;13(4):333-341. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_38_23. eCollection 2023 Jul-Aug.

Authors

Thanwarat Aroonrangsee¹, Rachanin Chairatnathrongporn^{1

2}, Rudee Surarit³, Kallapat Tansriratanawong⁴, Jeerunda Santiprabhob^{5

6}, Chatkoew Boriboonhirunsarn⁷, Ananya Promsudthi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Residency Training Programs in Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
² Private Practice, Bangkok, Thailand.
³ Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁴ Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁵ Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁶ Siriraj Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
⁷ Dental Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Abstract

Aims and objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to compare salivary oxidative stress (OS) biomarker levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and without T1DM (non-T1DM) and evaluate the relationships between diabetes, periodontal status, and OS biomarker levels.

Materials and methods: Twenty patients with T1DM and 20 age-matched patients without T1DM were enrolled. All participants were 15-23 years of age and had permanent dentition. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected in a sterile test tube before examination of clinical periodontal parameters, including bleeding on probing (BOP). Salivary levels of OS biomarkers-malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity-were determined using oxidative and antioxidative assays followed by spectrophotometric measurement at 375-532 nm. The relationships between diabetes, periodontal status, and OS biomarkers were analyzed using multiple linear regression.

Results: TOS was significantly lower in the T1DM group compared with the non-T1DM group (5.06 ± 0.39 vs. 6.44 ± 0.51 µmol H₂O₂ Eq/l, P = 0.035). After adjusting for confounding factors (age, gender, BMI, clinical periodontal parameters, BOP, or diabetes status accordingly), the multiple linear regression showed that T1DM was significantly associated with a reduction of TOS level (P = 0.008). The BOP > 30% group showed a significant correlation with increased TOS levels compared with the BOP ≤ 30% group (P = 0.002). No relationship was found between OS biomarkers and HbA1c levels.

Conclusion: Salivary TOS levels were related to both diabetes status and the extent of gingival inflammation. Further studies to elucidate the role of OS in relation of periodontal disease and T1DM are required.

Keywords: Bleeding on probing; Oxidative stress; Saliva; Type 1 diabetes mellitus.