Objective: To understand the clinical and genetic characteristics of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) combined with cholestasis among pediatric patients. Methods: 12 cases of HS children accompanied by cholestasis at Hunan Children's Hospital were selected as the research subjects between January 2013 and December 2022. Clinical data were collected. Whole-exome sequencing was performed by second-generation sequencing. Suspected pathogenic mutation sites were verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: All pediatric patients were admitted to the hospital due to their yellow skin tone. Eight cases (66.67%) had a positive family history. The clinical manifestations were jaundice, splenomegaly (12/12), abdominal pain, anemia (4/12), and hepatomegaly (5/12). All pediatric patients had decreased hemoglobin, an increased reticulocyte ratio, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin, a positive erythrocyte fragility test, and remarkable spherical erythrocytes in their peripheral blood. Seven cases had elevated aminotransferase; four cases had severely elevated aminotransferase and bilirubin; eight cases had biliary calculi; and two cases had a dilated biliary tract. Liver pathological examination showed mild damage to the liver cells (G1S1) in three pediatric cases. Five children had a total of six unreported mutations: SPTB gene c.2431_2450del, c.4974-2A > G, c.2575G > A, and exon 22-35 deletion; ANK1 gene: c.2379-2380delC; and c .6dupC. Children still had abnormal bilirubin levels following treatment. Two pediatric cases underwent splenectomy. Bilirubin and hemoglobin levels returned to normal after surgery. Conclusion: Children with HS may experience cholestasis, and those with poor treatment results may consider undergoing a splenectomy. Six new types of variants have expanded the HS gene mutation spectrum.
目的： 了解合并胆汁淤积的遗传性球形红细胞增多症（HS）患儿的临床特征及遗传学特点。 方法： 2013年1月至2022年12月期间湖南省儿童医院12例伴胆汁淤积的HS患儿为研究对象，收集临床资料，采用二代测序进行全外显子测序，应于Sanger测序法对疑似致病突变位点进行验证。 结果： 患儿均因皮肤黄染入院，8例（66.67%）患儿有阳性家族史，临床表现为黄疸、脾大（12/12）、腹痛、贫血（4/12）和肝大（5/12）。所有患儿血红蛋白下降，网织红细胞比例、总胆红素和直接胆红素升高，红细胞脆性试验阳性，外周血可见球形红细胞。转氨酶升高者7例，重度转氨酶和胆红素升高者4例，胆道结石者8例，胆道扩张者2例。3例患儿肝脏病理检查提示肝细胞轻度损害（G1S1）。5例患儿共发现6种未报道突变，SPTB基因c.2431_2450del、c.4974-2A > G、c.2575G > A和22~35号外显子缺失，ANK1基因：c.2379-2380delCA和c.6dupC。经治疗后患儿胆红素仍有异常，2例患儿行脾脏切除，术后胆红素和血红蛋白恢复正常。 结论： HS患儿可出现胆汁淤积，治疗效果欠佳的患儿可考虑行脾脏切除术，6种新基因变异扩展了HS的基因突变谱。.
Keywords: Cholestasis; Clinical features; Gene; Hereditary spherocytosis; Treatment.