Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with an unclear etiology and various clinical manifestations. The diagnosis and consequent treatment of schizophrenia mainly rely on clinical symptoms. Multiple risk sites associated with schizophrenia have been identified, yet objective indicators have not been found to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia. The development of omics technology provides different perspectives on the etiology of schizophrenia and make the early identification, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder possible. This article summarizes the prevalence of schizophrenia, reviews the research results and shortcomings of transcriptomics and proteomics, as well as the latest achievements and prospects of multi-omics, aiming to reveal the use of omics in SZ, provide more comprehensive biological evidence to reveal the complex pathogenesis of schizophrenia and provide a theoretical basis for the early identification, accurate diagnosis, disease progression control, and prognosis improvement of schizophrenia.
精神分裂症（SZ）是一种病因不明、临床表现各异的重性精神疾病，主要依靠临床症状学进行诊疗。已发现多个精神分裂症风险位点，但目前仍未发现有助于临床诊疗的客观指标。组学技术的发展为精神分裂症研究提供了不同的视角，为早期识别、诊断、治疗精神分裂症带来了可能性。本文阐述了精神分裂症的流行病学现状，分析了转录组学和蛋白组学的研究成果与不足，以及两组学联合研究的最新成果与前景，旨在揭示组学在SZ中的应用，为揭示精神分裂症复杂的发病机制提供更全面的生物学证据，为精神分裂症高危人群的早期识别、疾病的准确诊断和病程进展控制、预后改善提供理论依据。.