Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of nursing interventions targeting vital signs and complication risk on perioperative outcomes and complications in patients diagnosed with aortic dissection.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients presenting to our emergency department with acute chest pain as the primary complaint. Inclusion criteria encompassed identifiable chest pain symptoms, documented occurrence time and a time from symptom onset to blood collection of ≤ 24 hours. The cases of aortic dissection were selected from April 2018 to April 2022 and were diagnosed as major arterial dissection based on the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Criteria for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Dissection. The control group received conventional nursing care for aortic dissection, while the observation group received a nursing plan incorporating vital signs monitoring and addressing complication risk in addition to standard care.
Results: All 120 enrolled patients successfully recovered and were discharged from the hospital. Age, body weight, operation time, anesthesia time, preoperative albumin levels, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > .05). However, 24 hours post-operation, the observation group exhibited significantly lower IL-6 levels compared to the control group (P < .001), with no significant differences in hs-CRP levels (P > .05). Postoperative albumin levels in both aortic dissection groups significantly decreased compared to pre-surgery levels (P < .001) without statistical group differences (P > .05). Compared to controls, the observation group had reduced intraoperative sufentanil dosage, postoperative tracheal catheter extubation time, hospital stay, and costs (P < .001). No anastomotic complications occurred, and edema incidence was lower in the observation group (P = .021), with no significant differences in other complications (P > .05).
Conclusions: Nursing interventions improve aortic dissection patient outcomes, reduce complications, and warrant broader clinical use.