Successful treatment of near-fatal pulmonary embolism and cardiac arrest in an adult patient with fulminant psittacosis-induced severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescue: A case report and follow-up

Song-Liu Yang; Yang Gao; Zhi-Yang Han; Xue Du; Wen Liu; Song-Gen Jin; Ying Bi; Peng-Fei Chen; Chuang-Shi Yue; Ji-Han Wu; Qi-Qi Lai; Yu-Jia Tang; Xin-Tong Wang; Yuan-Yuan Ji; Ming-Yan Zhao; Kai Kang; Kai-Jiang Yu

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20562

Successful treatment of near-fatal pulmonary embolism and cardiac arrest in an adult patient with fulminant psittacosis-induced severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescue: A case report and follow-up

Heliyon. 2023 Sep 30;9(10):e20562. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20562. eCollection 2023 Oct.

Authors

Song-Liu Yang¹, Yang Gao^{2

3}, Zhi-Yang Han⁴, Xue Du¹, Wen Liu¹, Song-Gen Jin¹, Ying Bi¹, Peng-Fei Chen¹, Chuang-Shi Yue¹, Ji-Han Wu¹, Qi-Qi Lai¹, Yu-Jia Tang¹, Xin-Tong Wang¹, Yuan-Yuan Ji¹, Ming-Yan Zhao¹, Kai Kang¹, Kai-Jiang Yu^{1

3

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
² Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang Province, China.
³ Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
⁴ Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
⁶ The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.

Abstract

Background: Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was successfully performed for the rescue of an adult patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by fulminant psittacosis, and then a near-fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) and cardiac arrest (CA) of the same patient was cured through catheter-directed thrombolysis.

Case presentation: A 51-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital on September 10, 2021 due to slurred speech, weakness in lower limbs, dizziness, and nausea. Subsequently, she developed confusion and was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), where she received anti-shock, antibiotics, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and veno-venous ECMO due to the diagnosis of severe pneumonia, severe ARDS, and septic shock based on comprehensive physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging findings. The metagenomic next-gengeration sequencing (m-NGS) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) suggested that the pathogen was chlamydia psittaci, so the antibiotics were adjusted to doxycycline combined with azithromycin. After withdrawal from ECMO, ultrasound (US) re-examination of the left lower limb revealed inter-muscular vein thrombosis, following which heparin was replaced by subcutaneous injection of 0.4ml enoxaparin sodium twice daily for anti-coagulation therapy. After withdrawal from IMV, the patient suffered sudden CA and successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and emergency pulmonary angiography (PA) was performed to show bilateral main pulmonary artery embolism. After immediate catheter-directed thrombolysis and placement of an inferior vena cava filter, the patient's condition gradually stabilized.

Conclusions: Veno-venous ECMO can be successfully performed as an emergency life-saving treatment for patients with severe ARDS induced by fulminant psittacosis, and during ECMO regular examinations should be conducted to detect and manage thrombosis in time, thereby avoiding the occurrence of near-fatal PE and CA.

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Cardiac arrest, metagenomic next-generation sequencing; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; Fulminant psittacosis; Pulmonary embolism.

Publication types

Case Reports