Mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum regulating Ca2+ affecting the replication of PEDV in small intestinal epithelial cells

Zifei Kan; Shujuan Zhang; Guisong Liao; Zheng Niu; Xiangyang Liu; Zhiwei Sun; Xia Hu; Yiling Zhang; Shasha Xu; Jingyi Zhang; Hong Zou; Xingcui Zhang; Zhenhui Song

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251275

Mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum regulating Ca²⁺ affecting the replication of PEDV in small intestinal epithelial cells

Front Microbiol. 2023 Sep 26:14:1251275. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251275. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Zifei Kan^{1

2}, Shujuan Zhang¹, Guisong Liao¹, Zheng Niu^{1

3}, Xiangyang Liu^{1

4}, Zhiwei Sun¹, Xia Hu¹, Yiling Zhang^{1

5}, Shasha Xu¹, Jingyi Zhang¹, Hong Zou¹, Xingcui Zhang¹, Zhenhui Song^{1

6}

Affiliations

¹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
² School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
³ College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A and F University, Shanxi, China.
⁴ College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China.
⁵ College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Chongqing, China.
⁶ Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) mainly invades the small intestine and promotes an inflammatory response, eventually leading to severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and even death of piglets, which seriously threatens the economic development of pig farming. In recent years, researchers have found that probiotics can improve the intestinal microenvironment and reduce diarrhea. At the same time, certain probiotics have been shown to have antiviral effects; however, their mechanisms are different. Herein, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum supernatant (LP-1S) on PEDV and its mechanism. We used IPEC-J2 cells as a model to assess the inhibitory effect of LP-1S on PEDV and to further investigate the relationship between LP-1S, Ca²⁺, and PEDV. The results showed that a divalent cation chelating agent (EGTA) and calcium channel inhibitors (Bepridil hydrochloride and BAPTA-acetoxymethylate) could inhibit PEDV proliferation while effectively reducing the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration. Furthermore, LP-1S could reduce PEDV-induced loss of calcium channel proteins (TRPV6 and PMCA1b), alleviate intracellular Ca²⁺ accumulation caused by PEDV infection, and promote the balance of intra- and extracellular Ca²⁺ concentrations, thereby inhibiting PEDV proliferation. In summary, we found that LP-1S has potential therapeutic value against PEDV, which is realized by modulating Ca²⁺. This provides a potential new drug to treat PEDV infection.

Keywords: Ca2+; LP-1S; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; PEDV; intestinal epithelial cells.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the Central University Basic Research Fund of China [grant number XDJK2020RC001] and the Venture and Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees [grant number cx2019097] and 2020 Chongqing Rongchang Agricultural and Animal Hi-Tech Specialization.