Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation influences head stability in young healthy adults while standing on a moving platform

Abstract

Background: The ability to stand with eyes closed on a sinusoidal translational moving platform may be affected by spatial orientation owing to vestibular input information. Moreover, changes in the frequency of the moving platform may affect the sensory reweighting through somatosensory and vestibular sensations. However, it is unclear whether noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS), which activates vestibular-related brain regions, affects the stability of individuals standing on a platform moving at different frequencies.

Research question: Do vestibular stimulation by nGVS and changes in the frequency of translationally moving platforms affect the standing stability of individuals?

Methods: Thirty-one healthy young adult participants were provided both sham and nGVS interventions while they maintained a static standing position, with their eyes closed, on an anterior-posterior sinusoidal translation platform. The nGVS was adapted to an optimal intensity below the perceptual threshold (frequency band: 100-640 Hz), and the sham stimulus was adapted to 0 µA. The participants were randomly assessed for postural stability at 0.2, 0.6, and 1.2 Hz moving platform frequencies for 80 s each under both stimulus conditions. Postural stability was calculated as the root mean square (RMS) sway from head accelerations in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions for 50 s between 20 and 70 s during the 80 s period, measured using an inertial sensor placed on the external occipital ridge.

Results: nGVS significantly reduced the RMS sway of head acceleration in the AP direction compared with sham stimulation. Furthermore, nGVS significantly reduced RMS sway in the ML direction compared with sham stimulation at a 1.2 Hz moving platform oscillation.

Significance: These findings suggest that postural adjustment by the vestibular system influences head stability on a moving platform at specific sinusoidal translation frequencies, suggesting that nGVS may reduce head sway.

Keywords: Head stability; Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation; Postural control; Sinusoidal translation platform; Vestibular system.