Impact of kelp forest on seawater chemistry - A review

Abstract

Kelp forests, globally distributed in cool temperate and polar waters, are renowned for their pivotal role in supporting species diversity and fostering macroalgae productivity. These high-canopy algal ecosystems dynamically influence their surroundings, particularly by altering the physicochemical properties of seawater. This review article aims to underscore the significance of kelp forests in modifying water masses. By serving as effective carbon sinks through the absorption of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) for photosynthesis, kelp forests mitigate nearby acidity levels while enhancing dissolved oxygen concentrations, essential for sustaining diverse marine communities. Additionally, kelp beds have exhibited the need to use inorganic ions (NO₃^-, NO₂^-, PO₄^3-) from seawater in order to grow, albeit with associated increases in NH₄⁺ concentrations. Specific examples and findings from relevant studies will be presented to illustrate the profound impact of kelp forests on seawater chemistry, emphasizing their vital role in marine ecosystems.

Keywords: Coastal zone; Environmental changes; Kelp forest; Marine environment modifications; Seawater chemistry.