Fusobacterium nucleatum putatively affects the alveoli by disrupting the alveolar epithelial cell tight junction, enlarging the alveolar space, and increasing paracellular permeability

Abstract

Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is abundant in the human oral cavity and has been associated with periodontal disease, which in-turn has been linked to respiratory disease development. Tight junctions (TJs) line the airway and alveoli surfaces serving as a first line of defense against multiple pathogens. Fn has already been linked to respiratory diseases, however, how Fn affects the alveolar TJ was not fully elucidated. Here, we designed and analyzed a TJ network, grew Fn cells and inoculated it in vitro (16HBE and primary cells) and in vivo (mice lung), measured transepithelial electrical resistance, performed RT-PCR, checked for in vitro cell and mice lung permeability, and determined air space size through morphometric measurements. We found that Fn can potentially affect TJs proteins that are directly exposed to the alveolar surface. Additionally, Fn could possibly cause neutrophil accumulation and an increase in alveolar space. Moreover, Fn putatively may cause an increase in paracellular permeability in the alveoli.

Keywords: Alveoli; Epithelial cells; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Lung distress; Respiratory disease tight junction.