The rate of MRD clearance in AML with standard consolidation chemotherapy is not well defined. A multi-institution retrospective analysis was performed on 107 consecutively treated AML patients in morphologic complete remission with detectable MRD post-induction therapy who received standard chemotherapy consolidation. In response to standard intermediate/high-dose cytarabine consolidation therapy, 26 of 60 patients (43.3%) with MRD threshold of detection of at least 0.1% converted to MRD-negative status (undetectable with assay used), and 6 of 47 patients (12.8%) with MRD threshold of detection > 0.1% converted to MRD-negative status. Multivariable logistic regression for patients with MRD threshold of detection of at least 0.1% showed that, when controlling for age, ELN risk category, dose of cytarabine, and use of a combination agent, treatment with 1 cycle of consolidation cytarabine versus ≥2 cycles decreased the odds of conversion of AML to MRD-negative (OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.85, p = 0.03).
Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; consolidation chemotherapy; measurable residual disease.