Exploration of Immune Targets for Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Disease Immunotherapy

Khalid Siddiqui; Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz

doi:10.2147/ITT.S417917

Exploration of Immune Targets for Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Disease Immunotherapy

Immunotargets Ther. 2023 Sep 29:12:91-103. doi: 10.2147/ITT.S417917. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Khalid Siddiqui^#¹, Shaik Sarfaraz Nawaz^#¹

Affiliation

¹ Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that destroys pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin in the islets of Langerhans. The risk of developing T1D is influenced by environmental factors, genetics, and autoantibodies. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a type of T1D that is genetically and phenotypically distinct from classic T1D. This review summarizes the accumulated information on the risk factors for T1D and LADA, and immunotherapy trials that offer insights into potential future combined therapeutic interventions for both T1D and LADA to slow the rate of islet cell loss and preserve beta cell function. Future research should also focus on improving intervention doses, conducting more thorough examinations of intervention responders, and/or combining minimally effective single-target immunotherapies to slow the rate of islet cell loss and preserve beta cell function.

Keywords: LADA; immunotherapy; islet cells; type 1 diabetes.

Publication types

Review