Astragaloside IV inhibits AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis via activation of PPARγ signaling in mice

Abstract

Background: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting from long-term inflammation in the intestines. The primary cause of CAC is the imbalance of oxidative metabolism in intestinal cells, triggered by excessive reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (NO) species production due to prolonged intestinal inflammation. This imbalance leads to genomic instability caused by DNA damage, eventually resulting in the development of intestinal cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that astragaloside IV is effective in treating dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis, but there is currently no relevant research on its efficacy in treating CAC.

Methods: To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV against CAC and the underlying mechanism, C57 mice were treated with (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) astragaloside IV while CAC was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) and ad libitum consumption of 2% dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS). We re-verified the activating effects of astragaloside IV on PPARγ signaling in IEC-6 cells, which were reversed by GW9662 (the PPARγ inhibitor).

Results: Our results showed that astragaloside IV significantly improved AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice by inhibiting colonic shortening, preventing intestinal mucosal damage, reducing the number of tumors and, the expression of Ki67 protein. In addition, astragaloside IV could activate PPARγ signaling, which not only promoted the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1, restored the level of SOD, CAT and GSH, but also inhibited the expression of iNOS and reduced the production of NO in the intestine and IEC-6 cells. And this effect could be reversed by GW9662 in vitro. Astragaloside IV thus decreased the level of ROS and NO in the intestinal tract of mice, as well as reduced the damage of DNA, and therefore inhibited the occurrence of CAC.

Conclusion: Astragaloside IV can activate PPARγ signaling in intestinal epithelial cells and reduces DNA damage caused by intestinal inflammation, thereby inhibiting colon tumourigenesis. The novelty of this study is to use PPARγ as the target to inhibit DNA damage to prevent the occurrence of CAC.

Keywords: Astragaloside IV; CAC; DNA damage; Oxidative stress; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ.