An Automated Electronic System in a Motorized Wheelchair for Telemonitoring: Mixed Methods Study Based on Internet of Things

Luma Carolina Câmara Gradim; André Luiz Maciel Santana; Marcelo Archanjo José; Marcelo Knörich Zuffo; Roseli de Deus Lopes

doi:10.2196/49102

An Automated Electronic System in a Motorized Wheelchair for Telemonitoring: Mixed Methods Study Based on Internet of Things

JMIR Form Res. 2023 Nov 8:7:e49102. doi: 10.2196/49102.

Authors

Luma Carolina Câmara Gradim^#¹, André Luiz Maciel Santana^#^{1

2}, Marcelo Archanjo José^#¹, Marcelo Knörich Zuffo^#¹, Roseli de Deus Lopes^#¹

Affiliations

¹ Polytechnic School, Interdisciplinary Center for Interactive Technologies and Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
² Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Insper, São Paulo, Brazil.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 37776327
PMCID: PMC10666020
DOI: 10.2196/49102

Abstract

Background: Wheelchair positioning systems can prevent postural deficits and pressure injuries. However, a more effective professional follow-up is needed to assess and monitor positioning according to the specificities and clinical conditions of each user.

Objective: This study aims to present the concept of an electronic system embedded in a motorized wheelchair, based on the Internet of Things (IoT), for automated positioning as part of a study on wheelchairs and telemonitoring.

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study with a user-centered design approach, interviews with 16 wheelchair users and 66 professionals for the development of system functions, and a formative assessment of 5 participants with descriptive analysis to design system concepts.

Results: We presented a new wheelchair system with hardware and software components developed based on coparticipation with singular components in an IoT architecture. In an IoT solution, the incorporation of sensors from the inertial measurement unit was crucial. These sensors were vital for offering alternative methods to monitor and control the tilt and recline functions of a wheelchair. This monitoring and control could be achieved autonomously through a smartphone app. In addition, this capability addressed the requirements of real users.

Conclusions: The technologies presented in this system can benefit telemonitoring and favor real feedback, allowing quality provision of health services to wheelchair users. User-centered development favored development with specific functions to meet the real demands of users. We emphasize the importance of future studies on the correlation between diagnoses and the use of the system in a real environment to help professionals in treatment.

Keywords: IMU; Internet of Things; IoT; eHealth systems; inertial measurement unit; mobile phone; pressure injury; sensors; telemonitoring; wheelchair.

©Luma Carolina Câmara Gradim, André Luiz Maciel Santana, Marcelo Archanjo José, Marcelo Knörich Zuffo, Roseli de Deus Lopes. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 08.11.2023.