Evaluating Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles against Streptococcus oralis

Batool M Al-Fahham; Rafeef Ahmed Mohamed; Juman Mohammed Taqi Al-Talqani; Ali Hadi Fahad; Julfikar Haider

doi:10.1155/2023/9935556

Evaluating Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Gold Nanoparticles against Streptococcus oralis

Int J Dent. 2023 Sep 20:2023:9935556. doi: 10.1155/2023/9935556. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Batool M Al-Fahham¹, Rafeef Ahmed Mohamed¹, Juman Mohammed Taqi Al-Talqani¹, Ali Hadi Fahad¹, Julfikar Haider²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Iraq.
² Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M12 5GN, UK.

Abstract

Biofilm includes many microorganisms that causes the periodontal diseases. The increased drugs resistance against the infectious diseases is a major issue owing to excessive using of a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Recently, metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are being administered to control the growth of different types of microorganisms. For instance, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are found to be successful to control and limit the bacterial pathogenicity in the oral cavity without any cytotoxic effects on the human body. Aim. In this paper, it was aimed to detect the antibacterial effect of Au NPs and compare with chlorhexidine (CHX) against Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) in dental plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods. First, supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected from the patients suffering from periodontal disease and incubated under aerobic or/and anaerobic conditions. Second, the morphological examination, and biochemical test by Vitec 2 machine are used to confirm the S. oralis species. Third, the synthesis of Au NPs was carried out by seed growth method and their properties were characterized. Finally, the antimicrobial effect of the Au NPs against S. oralis was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method for different Au NPs concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.562, 0.781, 0.391, 0.195, and 0.097 ppm). CHX was used as the positive control and distilled water as the negative control. The antibacterial activity data were statistically analyzed by least significant difference (LSD) using the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Results. The Au NPs with an average particles size of 43 nm, polycrystalline face-centered cubic structure were characterized. The Au NPs at 100 ppm concentration had similar antibacterial effect of CHX for inhibiting the growth of S. oralis, with no significant difference. Conclusions. The Au NPs as an antibacterial agent could be equally effective against S. oralis similar to the CHX when used at higher concentration.