Sarcopenia in a type 2 diabetic state: Reviewing literature on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation beyond the neutralizing effect of intracellular antioxidants

Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa; Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje; Duduzile Ndwandwe; Sonia Silvestri; Khanyisani Ziqubu; Marakiya T Moetlediwa; Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu; Jeanine L Marnewick; Francois H Van der Westhuizen; Bongani B Nkambule; Albertus K Basson; Luca Tiano; Phiwayinkosi V Dludla

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122125

Sarcopenia in a type 2 diabetic state: Reviewing literature on the pathological consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation beyond the neutralizing effect of intracellular antioxidants

Life Sci. 2023 Nov 1:332:122125. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122125. Epub 2023 Sep 26.

Affiliations

¹ Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
² Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
³ Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
⁴ Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
⁵ Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa.
⁶ Focus Area for Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
⁷ School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
⁸ Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
⁹ Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa. Electronic address: pdludla@mrc.ac.za.

PMID: 37769808
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122125

Abstract

Sarcopenia remains one of the major pathological features of type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in older individuals. This condition describes gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that reduces the overall vitality and fitness, leading to increased hospitalizations and even fatalities to those affected. Preclinical evidence indicates that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics, together with impaired activity of the NADPH oxidase system, are the major sources of oxidative stress that drive skeletal muscle damage in T2D. While patients with T2D also display relatively higher levels of circulating inflammatory markers in the serum, including high sensitivity-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α that are independently linked with the deterioration of muscle function and sarcopenia in T2D. In fact, beyond reporting on the pathological consequences of both oxidative stress and inflammation, the current review highlights the importance of strengthening intracellular antioxidant systems to preserve muscle mass, strength, and function in individuals with T2D.

Keywords: Inflammation; Muscle wasting; Oxidative stress; Sarcopenia; Therapeutics; Type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

Review