Mixed-Reference Spin-Flip Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory: Multireference Advantages with the Practicality of Linear Response Theory

J Phys Chem Lett. 2023 Oct 5;14(39):8896-8908. doi: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02296. Epub 2023 Sep 28.

Abstract

The density functional theory (DFT) and linear response (LR) time-dependent (TD)-DFT are of the utmost importance for routine computations. However, the single reference formulation of DFT suffers in the description of open-shell singlet systems such as diradicals and bond-breaking. LR-TDDFT, on the other hand, finds difficulties in the modeling of conical intersections, doubly excited states, and core-level excitations. In this Perspective, we demonstrate that many of these limitations can be overcome by recently developed mixed-reference (MR) spin-flip (SF)-TDDFT, providing an alternative yet accurate route for such challenging situations. Empowered by the practicality of the LR formalism, it is anticipated that MRSF-TDDFT can become one of the major workhorses for general routine tasks.

Publication types

  • Review