The diagnostics of materials, elements and structures after fire exposure are very complicated. Researchers carrying out such diagnostics encounter difficulties at the very beginning, e.g., how to map fire conditions. In this publication, the authors focused on the analysis of the fibre-cement composite used as facade cladding. The fibre-cement boards are construction products used in civil engineering. The fibre-cement boards are characterised by two phases: the matrix phase and the dispersed phase. The analysis of fibre-cement composite was performed using non-destructive methods. The use of non-destructive methods in the future will allow for the analysis of facades after fires without the need to obtain large elements, which will significantly reduce costs while increasing safety. The aim of the work was to determine internal changes in the microstructure of fibre-cement boards after exposure to fire. The degraded samples were compared with reference samples in the evaluation of the microstructure. An analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope, images of backscattered electrons (BSE) and maps obtained using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), which allowed conclusions to be drawn. The observed changes were presented in the form of photos showing changes in the composition of the plates, and they were commented on. It should be noted that fire temperatures act destructively, and a number of changes can be observed in the microstructure. The results of the work indicate that, in the future, the use of non-destructive methods will make it possible to assess the degree of degradation of the façade after a fire.
Keywords: composites; exposure to fire; fibre-cement boards; fibres; microstructural examination; scanning electron microscope.