Utilization of P2Y12 Inhibitors in Older Adults With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Frailty

Abstract

Choosing optimal P2Y₁₂ inhibitor in frail older adults is challenging because they are at increased risk of both ischemic and bleeding events. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Medicare Advantage Plan beneficiaries who were prescribed clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor after percutaneous coronary intervention-treated ST-elevation myocardial infarction from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. Frailty was defined using claims-based frailty index ≥0.25. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with using potent P2Y₁₂ inhibitors and multivariable-adjusted competing risk analyses to compare the rate of discontinuation of potent P2Y₁₂ inhibitors in frail versus non-frail patients. There were 11,239 patients (mean age 74 years, 39% women). The prevalence of cardiovascular and geriatric co-morbidities was as follows: 32% chronic kidney disease, 28% heart failure, 10% previous myocardial infarction, 6% dementia, 20% anemia, and 12% frailty. The proportion of patients receiving clopidogrel decreased from 78.3% in 2010 to 2013 to 42.1% in 2018 to 2020, with a concurrent increase in those receiving potent P2Y₁₂ inhibitors (mostly ticagrelor) from 21.7% to 57.9%. Frailty was independently associated with reduced odds of initiation (odds ratio 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.67 to 0.90) but not with discontinuation of potent P2Y₁₂ inhibitors (subdistribution hazard ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.22). In conclusion, frail older adults are less likely to receive potent P2Y₁₂ inhibitors after percutaneous coronary intervention-treated ST-elevation myocardial infarction, but they are as likely as non-frail patients to continue with the prescribed P2Y₁₂ inhibitor.

Keywords: STEMI; antiplatelet; frailty.