Factors That Influence Attitudes toward Advance Directives among Female Cancer Patients

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to identify attitudes toward advance directives (ADs) among female cancer patients and factors related to ADs.

Methods: The study was conducted at a university hospital in Seoul from September 19, 2020, to January 20, 2021. The participants were 153 patients diagnosed with gynecological cancer or breast cancer. Data were collected using questionnaires and included general characteristics, disease- and AD-related characteristics, knowledge and attitudes about ADs, and attitudes about dignified death. Data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.

Results: Only 2% of the participants completed ADs. The mean score for attitudes toward ADs was 3.30, indicating a positive knowledge and attitude toward dignified death. The factors related to attitudes toward ADs were attitudes toward dignified death (β=0.25, P=0.001), experience discussing life-sustaining treatment (β=0.17, P=0.037), preferred time to have a consultation about ADs (β=0.19, P=0.046), intention to write ADs (β= 0.15, P=0.038), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (β=-0.37, P<0.001). The explanatory power of these variables for attitudes toward ADs was 38.5%.

Conclusion: Overall, patients preferred to have a consultation about ADs when they were still active, mentally healthy, and able to make decisions. Education about ADs should be provided to patients on the first day of hospitalization for chemotherapy or while awaiting treatment in an outpatient setting so patients can write ADs and discuss them with family and friends.

Keywords: Advance directives; Attitude; Attitude to death; Female; Knowledge; Neoplasms; Right to die.