Interstitial Cell Dysregulation in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: A Morphodynamic Study of Novel Interstitial Cell Telocytes

Abstract

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is an occupation-dependent skin disease that afflicts humans with recurrent, non-specific episodes. Telocyte (TC) is a novel interstitial cell discovered in recent years and, together with fibroblasts, constitutes the predominant interstitial cell population in the skin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphodynamic changes of interstitial cells, especially TCs, in the skin during the development and treatment of ACD by histological and microscopic scientific methods. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to track morphodynamic changes in interstitial cells during the development and treatment in the ACD-involved skin induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The results demonstrated that TCs were mainly present around dermal collagen fibers, perivascular (except dermal papillary vascular loop), and skin appendages, which expressed CD34+, Vimentin+, PDGFR-α+, and α-SMA-. The absence of TCs during ACD development and after ACD recovery causes dermal interstitial cell dysregulation. The special anatomical relationships between TCs, immune cells, and follicular stem cells were also revealed, suggesting their potential dermatitis-regulating function. In a nutshell, our results provide morphodynamic evidence for the process of ACD development and recovery and offer potential cytological ideas for ACD treatment.

Keywords: allergic contact dermatitis; fibroblasts; interstitial cell; skin immunity; telocytes.