A plastic scintillator and HPGe β-γ coincidence detection system

M A Goodwin; T P Gill; A V Davies; R Britton; S J Bell; P H Regan

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111028

A plastic scintillator and HPGe β-γ coincidence detection system

Appl Radiat Isot. 2023 Nov:201:111028. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111028. Epub 2023 Sep 13.

Authors

M A Goodwin¹, T P Gill², A V Davies³, R Britton³, S J Bell⁴, P H Regan⁵

Affiliations

¹ AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK. Electronic address: matthew.goodwin@awe.co.uk.
² AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, Berkshire, RG7 4PR, UK.
³ Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO), Provisional Technical Secretariat (PTS), Vienna, Austria.
⁴ National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
⁵ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK; National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.

PMID: 37748216
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.111028

Abstract

A network of specialist laboratories support the International Monitoring System (IMS) of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) with re-measurements of radionuclide samples, including xenon gas. The measurement of four xenon fission product radionuclides (¹³³Xe, ¹³⁵Xe, ^131mXe and ^133mXe) can be used to detect an underground nuclear explosion. Laboratories use a range of techniques to measure the radionuclides, including beta-gamma (β-γ) coincidence spectrometry. These highly-sensitive measurements are capable of detecting concentrations of down to 500 atoms of ¹³³Xe in a few cm³ of xenon. In some detector systems, detection of the metastable isomers (^131mXe and ^133mXe) can be more challenging due to interferences between the signatures of different radionuclides. Recent work has shown that using high-purity Germanium (HPGe) high-resolution gamma detectors, these interferences can be reduced, lowering the dependence of the detection limits on radionuclide sample isotopic composition. One downside of these detectors is the reduction in detection efficiency, which impacts the overall detection sensitivity; so assessing different detector systems is a priority for radionuclide laboratories. This work presents a coincidence detector system comprising of a plastic scintillator gas cell and a large-crystal high-purity germanium detector. The energy resolution, coincidence detection efficiency, MDA and interference factors are determined from measurements of synthetic radioxenon gas samples.

Keywords: Beta-gamma; CTBT; Coincidence; Detectors; Gas; Noble; Nuclear; Radioxenon; Testing; Underground; Verification.