Background: Nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) plays key roles in microtubules and chromosomes in normal cells both structurally and functionally. In malignancies, NUSAP1 is frequently dysregulated and mutated. However, the expression profiles and biological functions of NUSAP1 in tumors remain unclear.
Methods: NUSAP1 expression in BALB/c mice and human normal or tumor tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to assess the prognostic significance of NUSAP1 in tumors, and principal component analysis and co-expression analysis were performed to explore the unique roles of NUSAP1. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed with DAVID. The relevance between NUSAP1 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was investigated using TIMER. A transcriptional regulation network was constructed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas.
Results: NUSAP1 expression levels in various mice tissues were different. Compared with normal tissues, NUSAP1 was strongly expressed in several human tumor tissues. We believe that NUSAP1 distinctly impacts the prognosis of several cancers and plays various roles in thymoma and testicular germ cell tumors. Further, NUSAP1 expression levels were significantly positively associated with diverse infiltrating levels of immune cells, including B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, in thymoma. The expression level of NUSAP1 demonstrated strong relevance with various immune markers in thymoma. Finally, the miR-1236-5p-NUSAP1 and TCF3-NUSAP1 network revealed the tumor-promoting role of NUSAP1 and pertinent underlying mechanisms in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma.
Conclusion: NUSAP1 may be regarded as a therapeutic target or potential prognostic biomarker for various cancer types.
Keywords: bioinformatics; nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1; prognostic biomarker; the cancer genome atlas; tumor immune microenvironment.
© 2023 Zhu et al.