Electrocardiographic lead reversals

Abstract

Misplacement of cables during the recording of a 12-lead electrocardiogram [ECG] poses a non-negligible risk of creating panic and confusion at the bedside in daily clinical practice. Clinical awareness about the manifestations of commonly encountered electrode misplacements is imperative for avoiding misdiagnosis. A basic understanding of the electrophysiology behind these anomalous ECG tracings is likely to aid in prompt suspicion, accurate detection, and appropriate rectification in most cases. We discuss the abnormalities produced on 12-lead ECG tracings by the misplacement of electrode cables, with a focus on the clinical implications of the same. We suggest a mnemonic - 'SPIRAL' - as a quick screening criterion to detect commonly encountered lead reversals.