Applications of covalent organic frameworks for the elimination of dyes from wastewater: A state-of-the-arts review

Zakariyya Uba Zango; Ayed M Binzowaimil; Osamah A Aldaghri; Mohamed Hassan Eisa; Abdurrahman Garba; Naser M Ahmed; Jun Wei Lim; Hui-Suan Ng; Hanita Daud; Khairulazhar Jumbri; Kuan Shiong Khoo; Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140223

Applications of covalent organic frameworks for the elimination of dyes from wastewater: A state-of-the-arts review

Chemosphere. 2023 Dec:343:140223. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140223. Epub 2023 Sep 19.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria; Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria. Electronic address: zakariyyazango@auk.edu.ng.
² Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria.
⁴ School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
⁵ HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 602105, Chennai, India.
⁶ Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁷ Mathematical and Statistical Science, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
⁸ Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Institute of Contaminant Management, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
⁹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: kuanshiong.khoo@saturn.yzu.edu.tw.
¹⁰ Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: khiahmed@imamu.edu.sa.

PMID: 37734509
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140223

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are class of porous coordination polymers made up of organic building blocks joined together by covalent bonding through thermodynamic and controlled reversible polymerization reactions. This review discussed versatile applications of COFs for remediation of wastewater containing dyes, emphasizing the advantages of both pristine and modified materials in adsorption, membrane separation, and advanced oxidations processes. The excellent performance of COFs towards adsorption and membrane filtration has been centered to their higher crystallinity and porosity, exhibiting exceptionally high surface area, pore size and pore volumes. Thus, they provide more active sites for trapping the dye molecules. On one hand, the photocatalytic performance of the COFs was attributed to their semiconducting properties, and when coupled with other functional semiconducting materials, they achieve good mechanical and thermal stabilities, positive light response, and narrow band gap, a typical characteristic of excellent photocatalysts. As such, COFs and their composites have demonstrated excellent potentialities for the elimination of the dyes.

Keywords: Adsorption; Covalent organic frameworks; Dyes; Elimination; Membrane; Photocatalysis; Wastewater.