Asian cultivated rice has been domesticated from ancestors of the wild rice species Oryza rufipogon. During this process, important changes have occurred in many agronomic traits, such as plant height, grain shattering, and panicle shape, and the yield has also greatly increased. However, many favored traits (e.g., stress resistance) have been lost. The genome of O. longistaminata is of the same AA type as O. sativa, harboring many genes conferring resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and it is considered as a potential gene pool for genetic improvement of O. sativa. In this review, we summarize the basic research on O. longistaminata, including its resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, its rhizome traits, and other traits that are of potential application value, such as bacterial blight resistance, drought resistance, heat tolerance, self-incompatibility, nitrogen efficiency, and high yield. Furthermore, we present the current applied research progress on perennial rice breeding based on the rhizome trait of O. longistaminata. Lastly, the possibility of de novo domestication of O. longistaminata is discussed. We expect this article to provide information to enhance the basic research of O. longistaminata and accelerate the genetic improvement of cultivated rice.
人类将普通野生稻驯化为亚洲栽培稻，其农艺性状如株高、落粒性、穗型等发生了重要变化，产量也大幅提高，但许多优良性状如抗逆性等却丢失。长雄野生稻与亚洲栽培稻同属AA基因组，蕴藏了许多生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的抗性基因，被认为是亚洲栽培稻遗传改良的潜在基因库。本文总结了长雄野生稻生物及非生物胁迫抗性、地下茎性状以及其他潜在应用价值性状，包括白叶枯抗性、抗旱性、耐热性、自交不亲和性、氮高效利用以及高产等有利性状。基于长雄野生稻地下茎性状开展多年生稻育种实践的应用研究，对长雄野生稻进行从头驯化的策略进行了探讨，以期为长雄野生稻基础研究及栽培稻遗传改良提供理论参考。.
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